Brainstem Anatomy 脑干解剖



KEY WORDS



Brain stem 脑干(midbrain 中脑, pons 桥脑, medulla 延髓); Cranial nerves 颅神经 (olfactory 嗅神经, optic 视神经, oculomotor 动眼神经, trochlear 滑车神经, trigeminal 三叉神经, abducens 外展神经, facial 面部神经, acoustic, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal)



TEXT 

The brainstem is the rostral extension of the spinal cord.  The brainstem begins caudal to the thalamus in the midbrain.  The pons is the portion of the brainstem between the midbrain and the medulla.  Posterior to the pons is the 4th ventricle.  The cerebellum is posterior (superior) to the 4th ventricle.  The brain stem contains the nuclei of all of the cranial nerves except olfactory.  The olfactory nucleus is located under the frontal lobes.  The optic nerves originate in the retina and travel posteriorly to become the optic chiasm where they meet.  The oculomotor (cranial nerve 3), trochlear (cranial nerve 4) and abducent (cranial nerve 6) control movements of the eyes. The trigeminal nerve divides into three divisions that supply the lower ("V1"), middle ("V2"), and upper parts of the patient's head and face. Cranial nerve 7 is the facial nerve that controls facial movement. The 8th cranial nerve is the auditory. Glossopharyngeal is the ninth cranial nerve. Vagus is number 10. Spinal accessory 11. The hypoglossal (cranial nerve 12) nucleus is in the medulla.



脑干是脊髓延髓延伸。脑干尾端开始在中脑的丘脑。脑桥是之间的脑干中脑和延髓部分。脑桥是第四脑室。小脑后（上级）到第四脑室。脑干包含的除嗅脑神经的所有核。嗅核是位于额叶下。起源于视神经，视网膜和旅行向后视交叉成为他们见面。动眼神经（脑神经3），滑车（脑神经4）和眼外展（脑神经6）控制动作。三叉神经分为三个部门，它提供了较低的（“V1“的），中（“V2“的），以及病人的头部和脸部上部。颅神经七是面部神经，控制面部运动。第八颅神经是听觉。舌咽是第九颅神经。迷走神经是数字10。脊髓附件11。舌下（脑神经12）的核心是在髓质。